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Sweet Corn

Sweet Corn

Zea mays var. saccharata

vegetableannual

Sweet corn is a warm-season annual vegetable crop well-suited to Zones 3-11, with plantings starting after soil warms to 55°F. Requires full sun, well-drained soil, and consistent moisture for pollination; typical fresh-market yields fall in the 100-115 cwt/ac range under good management.

27/30

Crop Snowflake Score

Gross Revenue
$6,000

/acre

Net Return
$1,800

/acre

Price Trend
increasing
Establishment Cost
$0

/acre

Crop Insurance
Available
Years to Production
0

years

Overview

Growing Season

Plant
Mid-May to early July (bare ground) – Mid-May to early July (bare ground)
Harvest
Early July to September – Early July to September
Frost-free days
100+
GDD (base 50°F)
1,400

Yield

Typical yield
105 cwt/acre
Productive lifespan
1 years
Labor
50 hrs/acre
92%

Market Fit

5/6

Active Regional Buyers

2 active buyers on record purchasing this crop.

Price Trend Stable/Up

3-year price trend recorded as "increasing".

Supply Below Demand

4 of 6 documented channels rate viability "strong". Sold into regional rather than national markets, vegetable supply here generally trails that demand.

Multiple Buyer Channels

6 of 6 documented market channels rate viable or better (wholesale, csa, farmers_market, retail). Multiple independent routes to market.

Value-Added Potential

4 viable direct-market channels (csa, farmers_market, direct_to_consumer, restaurant). Supports value-added and margin capture beyond wholesale.

Market Growth Projected

Mature vegetable market; growth over a 5-year horizon is expected to track population rather than outpace it.

Market Channels

wholesale · Wholesale through distributors is viable for larger plantings. Sweet corn is marketed to retail chains and food service. Requires rapid cooling and consistent grading. Volume production with staggered plantings enables steady supply.
csa · Sweet corn is a highly anticipated CSA item in midsummer boxes. Staggered plantings can extend availability across multiple CSA distributions. Strong member satisfaction driver.
farmers_market · Sweet corn is a top farmers market draw - described as a crop that stops traffic. Peak summer availability aligns with highest market attendance. Consumers strongly prefer fresh-picked local corn.
retail · Grocery retailers purchase locally grown sweet corn in season. Requires reliable daily delivery of pre-cooled ears. Competition with larger growing regions can limit margins.
direct_to_consumer · Farm stands and roadside markets are primary channels. Sweet corn sells in high volume with minimal packaging. Many farms offer by-the-dozen or bulk pricing for canning and freezing customers.
restaurant · Restaurants and caterers purchase fresh sweet corn seasonally. Used for grilled corn, soups, and side dishes. Requires consistent quality and rapid delivery post-harvest.

Climate Fit

6/6

Hardiness Zone Match

Crop tolerates zones 3-11; region spans 5-6. Overlaps.

GDD Sufficient

Crop needs 1400 GDD (base 50F); region accumulates 2500+. Sufficient.

Precipitation Compatible

Crop needs ~20 in; region receives ~38 in/yr. Compatible, irrigation available as supplement.

Frost-Free Season OK

Crop needs 120 frost-free days; region provides ~180. Sufficient.

Chill Hours Met

Not applicable — annual crop has no winter chill requirement.

Climate Trend Favorable

Crop spans 9 hardiness zones (3-11). Wide adaptive range buffers against warming trend.

Fit by region

The farm matcher, run on each region's cited climate normals. Soil and site are not included here; add your own on the match page.

Match your farm
Finger Lakeszone 5b/6a · 2,200 GDD · 145 frost-free days · 38.29" rain

No limiting condition found. 5 criteria evaluated; 100% cited.

Strong fit
100/100
Heat accumulation (GDD base 50F)Frost-free seasonRainfallHigh-severity risksKnown buyers
Lake Erie Concord Grape Beltzone 6a/6b/7a · 2,923 GDD · 185 frost-free days · 41.09" rain

No limiting condition found. 5 criteria evaluated; 100% cited.

Strong fit
100/100
Heat accumulation (GDD base 50F)Frost-free seasonRainfallHigh-severity risksKnown buyers
Chautauqua Uplands (Allegheny Plateau)zone 6a · 2,364 GDD · 158 frost-free days · 45.93" rain

No limiting condition found. 5 criteria evaluated; 100% cited.

Strong fit
100/100
Heat accumulation (GDD base 50F)Frost-free seasonRainfallHigh-severity risksKnown buyers

Climate envelope & site

What the farm matcher compares your conditions against.

Climate envelope

Hardiness zone
n/a
Frost-free season
100+ days
Heat (GDD base 50°F)
1,400+
Winter chill
n/a
Rainfall
31.5–70.9 in/yr

Below the minimum, irrigation is needed; above the maximum the crop fails.

Soil pH target
5.8–6.6

Extension lime target; within 1.0 of it is correctable.

Site & structure

Spring frost at bloom
n/a
Needs cold-air drainage
n/a
Shade tolerance
none — full sun
Mature height
not yet recorded
Rooting depth
not yet recorded
Wind exposure tolerance
not yet recorded
Workable slope
not yet recorded

Height, rooting depth and shade tolerance are the inputs an alley or guild layout needs.

Soil Compatibility

Soil Texture

loam (ideal)silt_loam (ideal)sandy_loam (suitable)clay_loam (suitable)silty_clay_loam (suitable)loamy_sand (marginal)sandy_clay_loam (marginal)sand (marginal)clay (marginal)silty_clay (poor)

Drainage

well_drained (ideal)moderately_well_drained (ideal)somewhat_poorly_drained (suitable)somewhat_excessively_drained (suitable)poorly_drained (marginal)excessively_drained (marginal)very_poorly_drained (marginal)

Infrastructure Fit

5/6

Equipment Compatible

3 of 8 documented equipment items are crop-specific (38%) against a catalog median of 29%. Above-median share of purpose-built equipment, implying real capital outlay.

Storage Available

7 documented storage routes; at least one (Fresh cold storage (shelf)) is reachable with conventional on-farm or third-party facilities.

Irrigation Compatible

Requires ~20 in. Deliverable with conventional drip or overhead irrigation.

Field Layout Suitable

Suited to the small-to-mid-size fragmented parcels typical of the region.

Labor Availability

50 labor hr/ac vs catalog 75th percentile 250 hr/ac. Manageable with typical farm labor.

Processing Proximity

2 processor/cooperative buyers on record for this crop, 2 within NY/PA/OH.

Equipment Requirements

planting

Tractor (40+ HP)Required

General-purpose tractor for field prep, planting, spraying, and cultivation. Can be shared across vegetable operations.

$22,000
Corn Planter (2-4 Row)Required Specialized

Precision planter for proper seed spacing (8-12 inches in-row) and depth (1-1.5 inches). Plate type matched to seed size. Vacuum planters provide most consistent spacing.

$5,000
Moldboard Plow or Chisel PlowOptional

For primary tillage and residue incorporation. Can be custom-hired. Disc harrow or rototiller also used for seedbed preparation.

$3,500

harvesting

Hand Harvest Supplies (Bags/Crates)Required

Picking bags, bushel crates, or boxes for hand harvesting. Small-acreage sweet corn is typically hand-harvested. Mechanical harvesters ($60,000+) only justified for large-scale operations.

$500

post_harvest

Hydrocooler or Ice SystemOptional Specialized

Rapid cooling after harvest is critical — sweet corn loses sugar rapidly at warm temperatures. Hydrocooling or icing preserves sweetness and shelf life.

$5,000

spraying

Boom Sprayer (Field)Required

Tractor-mounted or pull-type boom sprayer for herbicide, fungicide, and insecticide applications. High-clearance preferred for later-season applications when corn is tall.

$4,000

general

Pheromone/Blacklight TrapsRequired Specialized

For monitoring corn earworm and European corn borer moth flights. Critical for timing insecticide applications. Low cost but essential for IPM.

$200

cultivation

Cultivator (Row)Optional

For mechanical weed control between rows. Most effective when corn is 6-12 inches tall. Reduces herbicide dependency.

$2,500

Storage Requirements

Fresh cold storage (shelf)

Temperature

32–32°F

Humidity

95–98%

Max Storage

5 days

Top-ice / liquid ice

Temperature

32–34°F

Humidity

95–100%

Max Storage

7 days

Modified atmosphere (10-20% CO2)

Temperature

32–34°F

Humidity

95–98%

Max Storage

10 days

Frozen (processing)

Temperature

-10–0°F

Max Storage

730 days

Fresh cold storage (hydrocooled/iced)

Temperature

32–34°F

Humidity

95–98%

Max Storage

8 days

Ambient/field heat

Temperature

70–85°F

Max Storage

1 days

Frozen (blanched)

Temperature

-10–0°F

Max Storage

365 days

Financial Return

5/6

Revenue Above Average

Gross revenue $6,000/ac vs catalog median $6,000/ac. Below median.

Input Costs Acceptable

Total input cost $3,200/ac vs catalog 75th percentile $6,300/ac. Within typical range.

Payback Period OK

Reaches full production in 0 years. Acceptable payback.

Insurance Available

Federal crop insurance or an equivalent risk product is available.

Revenue Per Labor Hour

Net return per labor hour $36.00 ($1,800/ac over 50 hr/ac) vs catalog median $13.16. Above median.

Grants/Subsidies

Vegetable crops are eligible under the USDA Specialty Crop Block Grant Program.

Economics Breakdown

Avg Price/Unit$50/$/cwt (fresh market)
Gross Revenue/Acre$6,000
Annual Operating Cost$3,200/acre
Establishment Cost$0/acre
Total Input Cost$3,200/acre
Net Return/Acre$1,800
Revenue/Labor Hour—
Crop Insurance Available
SubsidiesSpecialty Crop Block Grant, EQIP

Source: USDA NASS Vegetables 2025 Summary (Feb 2026); Cornell Cooperative Extension sweet corn budgets (2026)

Risk Profile

6/6

Manageable Pest/Disease

2 of 6 documented risks are high-severity (33%) against a catalog median of 36%. Risk load is manageable by conventional IPM.

Market Diversified

6 viable market channels of 6 documented, plus 2 named buyers. Not dependent on a single outlet.

Low Establishment Risk

0 years to full production at $0/ac establishment cost. Low establishment exposure.

Climate Resilient

Tolerates zones 3-11 (9 zones). Broad tolerance indicates resilience to seasonal variability.

Regulatory Burden Low

No crop-specific licensing or reporting regime beyond standard food-safety and pesticide rules.

Diversifies Portfolio

Adds a vegetable revenue stream distinct from the region's grape-dominated base.

Known Risks

pest

Corn Earworm (Helicoverpa zea)high

Major pest of sweet corn. Larvae feed on silk and developing kernels at the ear tip, causing direct damage and providing entry points for ear molds. Late-season plantings are most at risk as moth populations build. Larvae are impossible to control once inside the ear.

European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)moderate

Larvae bore into stalks, ear shanks, and ears. Stalk boring weakens plants and can cause lodging. Ear damage reduces marketability. Two generations per year; the second generation coincides with ear development in late plantings.

disease

Stewart's Wilt (Pantoea stewartii)moderate

Bacterial disease transmitted by corn flea beetles. Causes wilting and streaking of leaves in susceptible cultivars. Severity correlates with mild winter temperatures that favor flea beetle survival. Can cause significant stand loss in susceptible sweet corn cultivars.

Common Rust (Puccinia sorghi)low

Fungal disease causing small, circular to elongated, reddish-brown pustules on both leaf surfaces. Spores blow in from southern regions; the fungus does not overwinter in northern climates. Can reduce ear size and quality if severe infection occurs before tasseling. Husk lesions reduce fresh-market appeal.

Northern Corn Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum)moderate

Fungal disease producing large, cigar-shaped, grayish-green lesions on leaves. Severe infections before tasseling can reduce yields significantly. Favored by moderate temperatures (64-81°F), heavy dew, and frequent rain events.

environmental

Drought Stress During Pollinationhigh

Drought stress during tasseling and silking causes poor pollination, resulting in missing kernels and reduced ear fill. Sweet corn is most sensitive to water stress from approximately one week before silking through two weeks after. Yield losses of 3-8% per day of stress during this period are typical.

Nutritional Yield

Nutrition data pending.

Research agents will profile Sweet Corn against USDA FoodData Central on the next maintenance pass. Per-acre nutritional yield will appear here once the per-100g panel is recorded.

Ecosystem Services

Ecosystem service data pending.

The next research-agent rotation will document this crop's contributions to pollinator support, soil health, water quality, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration.

Cultivars

Named varieties and what the sources say sets each apart. A cultivar-specific zone, chill or maturity figure overrides the species value above.

No cultivars recorded yet for this crop.

Grows With / Avoid Near

Documented interactions with other catalog crops — shared pests, allelopathy, rotation effects, alley and understory pairings — for companion, guild and rotation planning. Plan a combination with Sweet Corn →

Avoid near, or plan around (49)

Grows with (11)

Tolerates (2)

Direction matters: a rotation benefit of A before B says nothing about B before A. Interactions are documented pairs only; absence is a research gap, not a clean bill.

Nearby Buyers

Radius from Lake Erie Concord Grape Belt:

Eden Valley Growers

Eden, NY · 30.0 mi

cooperative
Accepts contracts

Data Sources

Every data point on this page is traceable to its source. Below you'll find the complete provenance trail — which sources were used, when data was last verified, and a full change history.

Primary sources: Data sourced from Cornell Cooperative Extension, Penn State Extension, USDA resources, and regional research.

Economics data year: 2026 · Basis: lake erie View economics source →

64 tracked changes across 10 data categories

Soil Preferences

Crop Picker

by Every.Farm

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Your Location

  • Lake Erie Concord Grape Belt
  • NY / PA
  • United States
  • Zone 6a

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Experimental research database. AI-assisted, may contain errors. Not formal agricultural, financial, or planting advice. Verify with your local extension service before making decisions.

© 2026 Every.Farm · Data for informational purposes only.