Sweet Corn
Zea mays var. saccharata
Sweet corn is a warm-season annual vegetable crop well-suited to Zones 3-11, with plantings starting after soil warms to 55°F. Requires full sun, well-drained soil, and consistent moisture for pollination; typical fresh-market yields fall in the 100-115 cwt/ac range under good management.
Crop Snowflake Score
/acre
/acre
/acre
years
Overview
Growing Season
- Plant
- Mid-May to early July (bare ground) – Mid-May to early July (bare ground)
- Harvest
- Early July to September – Early July to September
- Frost-free days
- 100+
- GDD (base 50°F)
- 1,400
Yield
- Typical yield
- 105 cwt/acre
- Productive lifespan
- 1 years
- Labor
- 50 hrs/acre
Market Fit
Active Regional Buyers
2 active buyers on record purchasing this crop.
Price Trend Stable/Up
3-year price trend recorded as "increasing".
Supply Below Demand
4 of 6 documented channels rate viability "strong". Sold into regional rather than national markets, vegetable supply here generally trails that demand.
Multiple Buyer Channels
6 of 6 documented market channels rate viable or better (wholesale, csa, farmers_market, retail). Multiple independent routes to market.
Value-Added Potential
4 viable direct-market channels (csa, farmers_market, direct_to_consumer, restaurant). Supports value-added and margin capture beyond wholesale.
Market Growth Projected
Mature vegetable market; growth over a 5-year horizon is expected to track population rather than outpace it.
Market Channels
Climate Fit
Hardiness Zone Match
Crop tolerates zones 3-11; region spans 5-6. Overlaps.
GDD Sufficient
Crop needs 1400 GDD (base 50F); region accumulates 2500+. Sufficient.
Precipitation Compatible
Crop needs ~20 in; region receives ~38 in/yr. Compatible, irrigation available as supplement.
Frost-Free Season OK
Crop needs 120 frost-free days; region provides ~180. Sufficient.
Chill Hours Met
Not applicable — annual crop has no winter chill requirement.
Climate Trend Favorable
Crop spans 9 hardiness zones (3-11). Wide adaptive range buffers against warming trend.
Fit by region
The farm matcher, run on each region's cited climate normals. Soil and site are not included here; add your own on the match page.
No limiting condition found. 5 criteria evaluated; 100% cited.
No limiting condition found. 5 criteria evaluated; 100% cited.
No limiting condition found. 5 criteria evaluated; 100% cited.
Climate envelope & site
What the farm matcher compares your conditions against.
Climate envelope
- Hardiness zone
- n/a
- Frost-free season
- 100+ days
- Heat (GDD base 50°F)
- 1,400+
- Winter chill
- n/a
- Rainfall
- 31.5–70.9 in/yr
Below the minimum, irrigation is needed; above the maximum the crop fails.
- Soil pH target
- 5.8–6.6
Extension lime target; within 1.0 of it is correctable.
Site & structure
- Spring frost at bloom
- n/a
- Needs cold-air drainage
- n/a
- Shade tolerance
- none — full sun
- Mature height
- not yet recorded
- Rooting depth
- not yet recorded
- Wind exposure tolerance
- not yet recorded
- Workable slope
- not yet recorded
Height, rooting depth and shade tolerance are the inputs an alley or guild layout needs.
Soil Compatibility
Soil Texture
Drainage
Infrastructure Fit
Equipment Compatible
3 of 8 documented equipment items are crop-specific (38%) against a catalog median of 29%. Above-median share of purpose-built equipment, implying real capital outlay.
Storage Available
7 documented storage routes; at least one (Fresh cold storage (shelf)) is reachable with conventional on-farm or third-party facilities.
Irrigation Compatible
Requires ~20 in. Deliverable with conventional drip or overhead irrigation.
Field Layout Suitable
Suited to the small-to-mid-size fragmented parcels typical of the region.
Labor Availability
50 labor hr/ac vs catalog 75th percentile 250 hr/ac. Manageable with typical farm labor.
Processing Proximity
2 processor/cooperative buyers on record for this crop, 2 within NY/PA/OH.
Equipment Requirements
planting
General-purpose tractor for field prep, planting, spraying, and cultivation. Can be shared across vegetable operations.
Precision planter for proper seed spacing (8-12 inches in-row) and depth (1-1.5 inches). Plate type matched to seed size. Vacuum planters provide most consistent spacing.
For primary tillage and residue incorporation. Can be custom-hired. Disc harrow or rototiller also used for seedbed preparation.
harvesting
Picking bags, bushel crates, or boxes for hand harvesting. Small-acreage sweet corn is typically hand-harvested. Mechanical harvesters ($60,000+) only justified for large-scale operations.
post_harvest
Rapid cooling after harvest is critical — sweet corn loses sugar rapidly at warm temperatures. Hydrocooling or icing preserves sweetness and shelf life.
spraying
Tractor-mounted or pull-type boom sprayer for herbicide, fungicide, and insecticide applications. High-clearance preferred for later-season applications when corn is tall.
general
For monitoring corn earworm and European corn borer moth flights. Critical for timing insecticide applications. Low cost but essential for IPM.
cultivation
For mechanical weed control between rows. Most effective when corn is 6-12 inches tall. Reduces herbicide dependency.
Storage Requirements
Fresh cold storage (shelf)
Temperature
32–32°F
Humidity
95–98%
Max Storage
5 days
Top-ice / liquid ice
Temperature
32–34°F
Humidity
95–100%
Max Storage
7 days
Modified atmosphere (10-20% CO2)
Temperature
32–34°F
Humidity
95–98%
Max Storage
10 days
Frozen (processing)
Temperature
-10–0°F
Max Storage
730 days
Fresh cold storage (hydrocooled/iced)
Temperature
32–34°F
Humidity
95–98%
Max Storage
8 days
Ambient/field heat
Temperature
70–85°F
Max Storage
1 days
Frozen (blanched)
Temperature
-10–0°F
Max Storage
365 days
Financial Return
Revenue Above Average
Gross revenue $6,000/ac vs catalog median $6,000/ac. Below median.
Input Costs Acceptable
Total input cost $3,200/ac vs catalog 75th percentile $6,300/ac. Within typical range.
Payback Period OK
Reaches full production in 0 years. Acceptable payback.
Insurance Available
Federal crop insurance or an equivalent risk product is available.
Revenue Per Labor Hour
Net return per labor hour $36.00 ($1,800/ac over 50 hr/ac) vs catalog median $13.16. Above median.
Grants/Subsidies
Vegetable crops are eligible under the USDA Specialty Crop Block Grant Program.
Economics Breakdown
| Avg Price/Unit | $50/$/cwt (fresh market) |
| Gross Revenue/Acre | $6,000 |
| Annual Operating Cost | $3,200/acre |
| Establishment Cost | $0/acre |
| Total Input Cost | $3,200/acre |
| Net Return/Acre | $1,800 |
| Revenue/Labor Hour | — |
| Crop Insurance | Available |
| Subsidies | Specialty Crop Block Grant, EQIP |
Source: USDA NASS Vegetables 2025 Summary (Feb 2026); Cornell Cooperative Extension sweet corn budgets (2026)
Risk Profile
Manageable Pest/Disease
2 of 6 documented risks are high-severity (33%) against a catalog median of 36%. Risk load is manageable by conventional IPM.
Market Diversified
6 viable market channels of 6 documented, plus 2 named buyers. Not dependent on a single outlet.
Low Establishment Risk
0 years to full production at $0/ac establishment cost. Low establishment exposure.
Climate Resilient
Tolerates zones 3-11 (9 zones). Broad tolerance indicates resilience to seasonal variability.
Regulatory Burden Low
No crop-specific licensing or reporting regime beyond standard food-safety and pesticide rules.
Diversifies Portfolio
Adds a vegetable revenue stream distinct from the region's grape-dominated base.
Known Risks
pest
Major pest of sweet corn. Larvae feed on silk and developing kernels at the ear tip, causing direct damage and providing entry points for ear molds. Late-season plantings are most at risk as moth populations build. Larvae are impossible to control once inside the ear.
Larvae bore into stalks, ear shanks, and ears. Stalk boring weakens plants and can cause lodging. Ear damage reduces marketability. Two generations per year; the second generation coincides with ear development in late plantings.
disease
Bacterial disease transmitted by corn flea beetles. Causes wilting and streaking of leaves in susceptible cultivars. Severity correlates with mild winter temperatures that favor flea beetle survival. Can cause significant stand loss in susceptible sweet corn cultivars.
Fungal disease causing small, circular to elongated, reddish-brown pustules on both leaf surfaces. Spores blow in from southern regions; the fungus does not overwinter in northern climates. Can reduce ear size and quality if severe infection occurs before tasseling. Husk lesions reduce fresh-market appeal.
Fungal disease producing large, cigar-shaped, grayish-green lesions on leaves. Severe infections before tasseling can reduce yields significantly. Favored by moderate temperatures (64-81°F), heavy dew, and frequent rain events.
environmental
Drought stress during tasseling and silking causes poor pollination, resulting in missing kernels and reduced ear fill. Sweet corn is most sensitive to water stress from approximately one week before silking through two weeks after. Yield losses of 3-8% per day of stress during this period are typical.
Nutritional Yield
Nutrition data pending.
Research agents will profile Sweet Corn against USDA FoodData Central on the next maintenance pass. Per-acre nutritional yield will appear here once the per-100g panel is recorded.
Ecosystem Services
Ecosystem service data pending.
The next research-agent rotation will document this crop's contributions to pollinator support, soil health, water quality, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration.
Cultivars
Named varieties and what the sources say sets each apart. A cultivar-specific zone, chill or maturity figure overrides the species value above.
No cultivars recorded yet for this crop.
Grows With / Avoid Near
Documented interactions with other catalog crops — shared pests, allelopathy, rotation effects, alley and understory pairings — for companion, guild and rotation planning. Plan a combination with Sweet Corn →
Avoid near, or plan around (49)
Grows with (11)
Tolerates (2)
Direction matters: a rotation benefit of A before B says nothing about B before A. Interactions are documented pairs only; absence is a research gap, not a clean bill.
Nearby Buyers
Eden Valley Growers
Eden, NY · 30.0 mi
Data Sources
Every data point on this page is traceable to its source. Below you'll find the complete provenance trail — which sources were used, when data was last verified, and a full change history.
Primary sources: Data sourced from Cornell Cooperative Extension, Penn State Extension, USDA resources, and regional research.
Economics data year: 2026 · Basis: lake erie View economics source →
64 tracked changes across 10 data categories
